Sudhir Kumar ¹, Nabi Hasan ², Harish Kumar ³, Anil Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Krishna Engineering College, Ghaziabad-201007, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Al Falah School of Engineering & Technology, Faridabad-121004, IN
3 National Physical Laboratory (CSIR), New Delhi-110012, IN

Abstract

Force transducer have been designed on the basis of theories of thin rings and design plays an important role in various applications like verification of material testing machines, monitoring force components in different cutting tools, agriculture related applications, hardness testing machines etc. Generally, some assumptions and approximations have been made for deriving analytical expressions for stress / strain analysis / deflection of force transducers. For more rigorous validation of analytical derived expressions, numerical methods need to be used. In the present study, a ring shaped force transducer, commonly used for force measurement, has been studied using finite element analysis. The study provides scope for the effect of nominal quantities over the design of ring shaped force transducers.

Keywords

Force Transducer, Finite Element Analysis, Stress, Strain, Deflection

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Seema Mittal ¹, M.P. Dave ², Anil Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad − 201009, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department Electrical Engineering, Shiv Nader University, NCR Delhi − 201308, IN
3 Al Falah University, Dhauj, Faridabad −121004, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Objectives: The control of the robotic manipulator arm under a variety of faults has been studied and the performance is compared using PID and other technique. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In a highly nonlinear environment such as manipulator of a robot, employing more than one control techniques yields desirable results. Here, a combination of PID along with pole-placement control of linear model has been designed. The feedback control gains have been obtained offline using equivalent linearization of the nonlinear coupled robot dynamic system. The input torque has been obtained from PID. The combined torque has been applied to the joints. This scheme has been implemented online in a standard PUMA manipulator with the payload. Findings: It has been observed that PID as compared to modified pole placement method is more efficient to control a robotic arm. Application/Improvement: The proposed hybrid control approach involving offline designs and their online implementation on six degrees of freedom robot has been found to be efficient and capable of accommodating common types of faults represented as an exponential or sine or a constant function but sudden or abrupt in nature.

Keywords

Fault-Tolerant Control, Hybrid Control, Linearization, PID, Pole Placement Control, PUMA Robot, Robotic Toolbox.

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Himanshu Anand ¹, Anil Kumar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shepherd School of Engineering and Technology, Shiats-Du, Allahabad - 211007, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shepherd School of Engineering and Technology, Shiats-Du, Allahabad - 211007, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Background/Objectives: A frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented with operating frequency as 3.35 GHz. This antenna is capable of switching to six different frequencies. Methods/Analysis: A reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been designed with slots cut in the ground plane. Three p-i-n diode has been introduced between these slots on the ground plane. The antenna produced six different frequency bands between 4.1818 GHz to 7.2727 GHz at operating frequency 3.35 GHz. The projected antenna has been designed using Taconic35 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 3.5 and thickness of 1.52 mm. Findings: The proposed antenna exhibits multi-frequency behavior. This antenna is capable of switching to six different frequencies viz. 4.1818 GHz, 4.2424 GHz, 7.3333 GHz, 4.3030 GHz, 7.2727 GHz and 7.2121 GHz. At these frequencies proposed antenna produces six Return loss viz.-19.6476 dBi, -20.8143 dBi, -23.8396 dBi, -22.8885 dBi, -21.5707 dBi and -25.6389 dBi and Gain of 2.5808 dBi, 2.0623 dBi, 2.5694 dBi, 2.2819 dBi, 3.2810 dBi and 3.1969 dBi. Novelty/Improvements: In this paper a compact frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna has been presented with less Return loss and high gain in compare with the conventional one.

Keywords

Microstrip Patch Antenna, Reconfigurable Frequency, p-i-n Diode.

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Anil Kumar ¹, G.K Banerjee ¹, Divya Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 IFTM University, Moradabad – 244102, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This paper presents a neural network based non-invasive diagnostics methodology of asthma using gas sensors array working as artificial olfactory. Methods/Statistical Analysis: A series of invasive clinical trials are recommended by international bodies to justify the diagnosis of asthma. So during these tests the patient has to undergo a lot of physical trauma. To ease the suffering of the patient, in this paper, a non-invasive method for asthma detection has been proposed. Findings: In this paper, an array consisting of five semiconductor gas sensors has been developed. The sensor array along with the data acquisition system has been developed for the non-invasive detection of the asthma. Five data sets of asthma related toxic gas in different concentrations are obtained by a signal acquirement system having tin oxide gas sensor array. Obtained data are put for training and analysis on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Proposed neural network has been trained using back propagation algorithm. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the developed model ensures the proper accuracy and consistent results. Application/Improvements: Experimental results show good classification of asthma associated exhaled toxic gas with the ambient air using only few samples and also presents the efficiency of Feed Forward Back Propagation Neural Network on the data driven from different gas sensors.

Keywords

Asthma, Electronic Nose, Neural Networks, Non-invasive Detection.

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Anil Kumar ¹, Vijay Kumar ², Balkar Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 IKU Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – 144603, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chitkara University, Patiala – 140401, Punjab, IN

Abstract

Objectives: This research work is conducted in small scale industries to highlight energy efficiency gap that has often been neglected from the analysis in manufacturing cluster. The study is done to evaluate - Intensity of Barrier (IOB), Easiness of Barrier Removal (EOB) and Impact of Barrier Removal (IBREE) on Energy Efficiency for the top four barrier-groups by using mathematical model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods/Statistical Analysis: The data for AHP matrix is collected through an online questionnaire sent to 180 respondents from the list of 330 industries selected randomly. The four barrier groups are selected based on various studies conducted on Barriers to energy efficiency in India and abroad. The total cluster population consists of 330 Small Scale Manufacturing units in Mohali district of Punjab. Considering the reliability of respondents, the confidence interval 0.20 and confidence level 95% is chosen respectively. The calculated sample size using these parameters is 22. Findings: The Results highlighted many important findings that inhibit the energy efficiency benefits is these cluster and affect degree of implementation. Policy and Regulatory Barrier followed by Personal&Informational Barrier having score value 0.36 and 0.24 respectively are found to be high-intensity Barriers that act as impediments to energy efficiency policies in manufacturing cluster. The Personal&Informational Barrier is easiest to remove whereas Policy and Regulatory Barrier is most difficult to remove barrier group according to AHP results. Application/Improvements: The analysis pointed out that if Policy and Regulatory Barrier is removed would result in significant chances of achieving energy efficiency in these clusters. An initiative from state government bodies in collaboration with field specific experts is necessary to formulate effective policies to address this barrier group. The Personal&Informational Barrier can be addressed through regular interactions with experts, training programs and behavior modification techniques.

Keywords

AHP, Barriers, Criteria-Alternatives, Energy-Efficiency, Manufacturing Cluster.

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K. Viji ¹, Anil Kumar ², R. Nagaraj ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore – 560068, Karnataka, IN
2 Amity School of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow – 226028, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gandhinagar – 382007, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

A delta operator based Discrete Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controller (DSMFC) for dc-dc buck Converter is described. The discrete systems by means of shift operator turns into mathematically disordered at an unexpected sampling rates. In order to face this difficulty, the delta operator is introduced. The delta operator can convert continuous-time system into discrete-time system and vice-versa. The main aim is to increase the rate of response, develop efficiency, get excellent Robustness and chattering phenomenon inhibition. This method is easy to implement and the overall system is efficient and cost-effective. During discretization, to circumvent any data damage, quick sampling has to be done which can be achieved with the help of delta operator because of its well defined mathematical properties even at rapid sampling.

Keywords

DC-DC Converter, Delta Operator, Discrete Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller, Discrete Sliding Mode Controller, Fuzzy logic controllers, Sliding Mode Controller

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Rajinder Tiwari ¹, Deepika Bastawade ², Preeta Sharan ², Anil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECE, ASET, Amity University, Lucknow – 226028, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Department of ECE, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bengaluru – 560068, Karnataka, IN

Abstract

Quantum spot Cell Automata (QCA) based reversible method of reasoning is the foundations of creating nanotechnological figuring structures. It ensures enormously low power usage with high thickness and working repeat. Programmable reversible method of reasoning is ascending as an approaching basis arrangement style for execution in present day nanotechnology and quantum preparing with unimportant impact on circuit warm period. Late advances in reversible method of reasoning using and quantum PC figuring mull over improved PC building and math basis unit designs. This work focuses on plan of a powerful reversible ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and its affirmation in QCA. We have considered existing 3 × 3 M-R Gate as the essential building block, a 4*4 reversible method of reasoning entryways (M-R Gate with immaterial delay and orchestrated to convey a grouping of genuine relies on settled yield lines in perspective of programmable select data lines. We similarly display QCA utilization of M-R passage with slightest cell check. The proposed ALU requires only 6 entry ways, which is more locale capable than the present work. It is repeated using QCA Designer.

Keywords

Arithmetic and Logical Unit U, Marrision-Ranganathan, Quantum Dot Cellular Automata, Reversible Logic.

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